解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Nutrient loss from ecosystems is among the top environmental threats to ecosystems worldwide, leading to reduced plant productivity in nutrient-poor ecosystems and eutrophication of surface water near nutrient-rich ecosystems. Hence, it is of pivotal importance to understand which factors influence nutrient loss. Here...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-0336.1
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of soil nitrogen (N) availability over stand development have almost exclusively focused on mineral N, yet we increasingly recognize that plants can take up organic N in the form of free amino acids at biologically important rates. We investigated amino-acid and mineral N availability along a 10-site chronoseq...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-0140.1
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abiotic soil properties, plant community composition, and herbivory all have been reported as important factors influencing the composition of soil communities. However, most studies thus far have considered these factors in isolation, whereas they strongly interact in the field. Here, we study how grazing by vertebra...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-0134.1
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper illustrates the advantages of a multilevel/hierarchical approach for predictive modeling, including flexibility of model formulation, explicitly accounting for hierarchical structure in the data, and the ability to predict the outcome of new cases. As a generalization of the classical approach, the multilev...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-1043.1
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Black spruce (Picea mariana) is the most abundant tree species in the boreal biome, but little is known about how climate warming may change recruitment in peatlands, especially those affected by permafrost thaw. We used results from a seven-year study in northern Manitoba, Canada, to address the following questions: ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-1839.1
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The structure of Caribbean coral reef communities has been altered by numerous anthropogenic and natural stressors. Demographic studies of key functional groups have furthered efforts to describe and understand these changes. Little is known, however, about the demographics of sponges on coral reefs, despite their abu...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-2060.1
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phenotypic plasticity can be a passive response to fluctuating environmental conditions or an active and presumably adaptive (evolved) response selected for in different environments. Here we ask if the larval decision to enter diapause when reared on a host plant associated with a colder habitat is an active or a pas...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-0328.1
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Disruptions to historic disturbance and herbivory regimes have altered plant assemblages in forests worldwide. An emerging consensus suggests that these disruptions often result in impoverished forest biotas. This is particularly true for eastern U.S. deciduous forests where large gaps and understory fires were once r...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-1680.1
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Species richness has been shown to increase biomass production of plant communities. Such overyielding occurs when a community performs better than its component monocultures due to the complementarity or dominance effect and is mostly detected in substrate-bound plant communities (terrestrial plants or submerged macr...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-2370.1
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Climate variability, which is expected to increase in the future, can promote coexistence through a mechanism called the storage effect. Currently, we have little understanding of how the importance of the storage effect varies among ecosystems. We tested for the three conditions of the storage effect in a sagebrush s...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-2241.1
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Predicting the effects of the loss of individual species on diversity represents one of the primary challenges facing community ecology. One pathway by which organisms of one species affect the distribution of species is ecosystem engineering. Changes in the dynamics of ecosystem engineers that lead to changes in the ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-1885.1
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animal movements in heterogeneous environments play a crucial role in a variety of ecological processes. Although a hierarchical structure to the scale of movements has been observed in many animal species, few studies to date have revealed what causes such multi-spatial scale movements within the framework of optimal...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-1910.1
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fundamental gaps remain in our knowledge of how positive species interactions, such as facilitation and mutualism, structure and maintain populations and communities. Foundation species create extensive biogenic habitats, but we know little of how their traits, such as density, age, and patch size, modify their abilit...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-1957.1
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trophic cascades are often a potent force in ecological communities, but abiotic and biotic heterogeneity can diffuse their influence. For example, inducible defenses in many species create variation in prey edibility, and size-structured interactions, such as cannibalism, can shift predator diets away from heterospec...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-2158.1
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sensitivity and elasticity analysis of population projection matrices (PPMs) are established tools in the analysis of structured populations, allowing comparison of the contributions made by different demographic rates to population growth. In some commonly used structures of PPM, however, there are mathematically ine...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-1188.1
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A mechanistic understanding of the carbon (C) cycle-climate change feedback is essential for projecting future states of climate and ecosystems. Here we report a novel field mechanism and evidence supporting the hypothesis that nocturnal warming in a temperate steppe ecosystem in northern China can result in a minor C...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-2026.1
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animal foraging has been characterized as an attempt to maximize the intake of carbon and nitrogen at appropriate ratios. Plant species in over 90 families produce carbohydrate-rich extrafloral nectar (EFN), a resource attractive to ants and other omnivorous insects. This attraction can benefit the plant if those arth...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-1580.1
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The demography of vertebrate populations is governed in part by processes operating at large spatial scales that have synchronizing effects on demographic parameters over large geographic areas, and in part, by local processes that generate fluctuations that are independent across populations. We describe a statistica...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-1657.1
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological models concerned with the control of malaria using interventions such as bed nets and vaccines increasingly incorporate realistic aspects of malaria biology. The increasing complexity of these models limits their ability to abstract ecological processes and to address questions on the regulation of pop...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-1022.1
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to assess the compensatory responses to food restriction and subsequent increased food availability in juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas). Turtles were fed an ad libitum ration for 12 weeks (AL), a restricted ration for 12 weeks (R), or a restricted ration for 5 weeks and an ad libit...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-1835.1
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the relationship between the isolation of experimental aquatic mesocosms and the abundance of an aquatic insect colonist, Notonecta irrorata, over two years. We used a curve-fitting approach to assess whether linear or quadratic models better describe the relationship between isolation and abundance. For t...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-1785.1
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Community and biogeographic surveys often conclude that plant-pollinator interactions are highly generalized. Thus, a central implication of the pollination syndrome concept, that floral trait evolution occurs primarily via specialized interactions of plants with their pollinators, has been questioned. However, broad ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-1141.1
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrogen (N) deposition in heavily polluted southern Californian shrublands is estimated to be 20-45 kg N x ha(-1) x yr(-1), but more exposed locales can receive as much as 145 kg N x ha(-1) x yr(-1). This large anthropogenic N input has the capacity to alter the composition of plant communities. We conducted N-fertil...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-1121.1
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adaptive developmental plasticity has been demonstrated across a number of taxa in response to variables such as photoperiod, resource abundance, and predator presence. Demographics also vary temporally and spatially within populations, but few studies have examined the possibility that developmental plasticity in res...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-1540.1
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In fewer than two decades after invading the Americas, the European fly Drosophila subobscura evolved latitudinal clines in several traits. Moreover, its chromosomal inversion frequencies at given localities have shifted with climate warming. Temperature may have driven the evolution of both geographic clines and with...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-0097.1
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plant species composition and diversity is often influenced by early life history stages; thus, global change could dramatically affect plant community structure by altering seed production. Unfortunately, plant reproductive responses to global change are rarely studied in field settings, making it difficult to assess...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/07-1351.1
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study quantified new biomass production of algae and bacteria in both benthic and pelagic habitats of clear-water lakes to contrast how carbon from the atmosphere and terrestrial sources regulates whole-lake metabolism. We studied four small unproductive lakes in subarctic northern Sweden during one summer season...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/07-1855.1
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Community ecology has long focused on energy and nutrients as currencies of species interactions. Evidence from physiological ecology and recent studies suggest that in terrestrial systems, water may influence animal behavior and global patterns of species richness. Despite these observations, water has received littl...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-1626.1
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite their potential to provide mechanistic explanations of rates of seed dispersal and seed fate, the functional and numerical responses of seed predators have never been explicitly examined within this context. Therefore, we investigated the numerical response of a small-mammal seed predator, Heteromys desmaresti...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/07-2146.1
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although many species face numerous predators in nature, the combined impact of multiple predators on the inducible defenses of prey has rarely been studied. Prey may respond with an intermediate phenotype that balances the risk from several sources or may simply respond to the most dangerous predator. I examined the ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-1653.1
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Species abundances in natural systems are usually close to some equilibrium, making mechanisms that maintain or prevent species coexistence difficult to discern. Biological control projects provide an opportunity to observe systems transition between equilibriums as a result of the influence of the newly introduced sp...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-0852.1
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obtaining reliable predictions of species range shifts under climate change is a crucial challenge for ecologists and stakeholders. At the continental scale, niche-based models have been widely used in the last 10 years to predict the potential impacts of climate change on species distributions all over the world, alt...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-0134.1
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic diversity, like species diversity, can have important consequences for communities and ecosystems. However, little is known about whether the effects of genetic diversity demonstrated in experimental assemblages are of sufficient strength to generate patterns in natural systems. We conducted a survey of eelgra...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/07-2030.1
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over recent years there has been an accumulation of evidence from a variety of experimental, theoretical, and field studies that many organisms use a movement strategy approximated by Lévy flights when they are searching for resources. Lévy flights are random movements that can maximize the efficiency of resource sear...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-0153.1
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We analyze an age-, size- and sex-structured model to investigate how the interplay between individual-level energy budget dynamics and the feedback of population grazing on resources shapes the individual life history and the dynamics of ungulate populations, living in a predator-free, seasonal resource environment. ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/07-1153.1
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plant-soil feedbacks can affect plant community dynamics by influencing processes of coexistence or invasion, or by maintaining alternate stable states. Darwin's naturalization hypothesis suggests that phylogenetic relatedness should be a critical factor governing such feedbacks in invaded communities but is rarely co...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-0054.1
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fact that superabundant invasive pests are also sometimes highly aggressive represents an interesting paradox. Strong intraspecific aggression should result in high intraspecific competition and limit the densities reached by exotic species. One mechanism that can allow invaders to attain high densities despite hi...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-0552.1
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animals selecting habitats often have to consider many factors, e.g., food and cover for safety. However, each habitat type often lacks an adequate mixture of these factors. Analyses of habitat selection using resource selection functions (RSFs) for animal radiotelemetry data typically ignore trade-offs, and the fact ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-0576.1
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Consumer-resource systems with linear arrays of substitutable resources form the conceptual basis of much of present-day competition theory. However, most analyses of the limiting similarity of competitors have only employed consumer-resource models as a justification for using the Lotka-Volterra competition equations...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-0446.1
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Small streams account for the majority of channel length in river basins worldwide and are the primary conveyors of terrestrial nutrients to rivers and ultimately the oceans. The controls of stream nutrient fluxes, however, are debated. Classical models emphasize that nutrient transport in streams integrates nutrient ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-0949.1
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00